WATER RECLAMATION: MULTIFILTRATION

Multifiltration (MF) is the removal of dissolved contaminants using an upstream filter followed by a train of sorbent media specifically tailored to the chemical composition of the wastewater stream. An MF system designed for reclamation of Hygiene water is illustrated below.

The hygiene water MF train contains activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, strong base anion exchange resin, strong acid cation exchange resin, and MCV Resin®. MCV Resin® is an iodinated polymer used to to provide contact kill of microorganisms and to release elemental iodine as a disinfectant.

MF media are currently used aboard the Mir in separate water processors for urine, hygiene water, and humidity condensate. MF media designed for Space Station Freedom, and presumably similar to units which will be deployed aboard ISSA have been thoroughly tested during various Water Recovery tests conducted at Marshall Space Flight Center's Core Module Integration Facility (CMIF).

REFERENCES:

Ajjarapu, S.R.M., and Symons, J.M., Use of Sorption Technology for Treatment of Humidity Condensate for Potable Water, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 921312, presented 22nd International Conference on Environmental Systems, Seattle, WA, July 13-16, 1992.

Bagdigian, R.M., Traweek, M.S., Griffith, G.K., and Griffin, M.R., Phase III Integrated Water Recovery Testing at MSFC: Partially Closed Hygiene and Open Potable Loop Results and Lessons Learned, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911375, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.

Bagdigian, R.M., and Whitman, G.A., Phase III Integrated Testing at MSFC - Designs, Plans, and Protocols, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 891554, presented 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989.

Bulloch, J.L., Hand, D.W., Crittenden, J.C., Yu, J., Carter, D.L., Garr, J.D., and Finn, J., Mathematical Modeling of Adsorption Processes for the International Space Station Water Processor, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 951629, presented at 25th International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 10-13, 1995.

Colley, C.D., Functional Description of the Ion Exchange and Sorbent Media Used in the ECLSS Water Processor Unibeds, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911551, presented 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Francisco, CA, July 15-18, 1991.

Garmon, F., Michalek, W.F., and Noto, F., Sterilization of Unibed Multifiltration Media by Gamma Irradiation, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 932045, presented at 23rd International Conference on Environmental Systems, Colorado Springs, July 1993.

Hokanson, D.R., Clancey, B.L., Hand, D.W., Crittenden, J.C., Carter, D.L., and Garr, J.D., Ion Exchange Model Development for the International Space Station Water Processor, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 951628, presented at 25th International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 10-13, 1995.

Holder, D.W., Jr., Carter, D.L., and Hutchens, C.F., Phase III Integrated Water Recovery Testing at MSFC: International Space Station Configuration Test Results and Lessons Learned, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 951586, presented at 25th International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 10-13, 1995.

Holder, D.W., Jr., and Bagdigian, R.M., Phase III Integrated Water Recovery Testing at MSFC: Closed Hygiene and Potable Loop Test Results and Lesson Learned, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 921117, presented 22nd International Conference on Environmental Systems, Seattle, WA, July 13-16, 1992.

Michalek, W.F., Steady State Composite Water Multifiltration Test Results, presented at 2nd International Conference on Life Support and Biosphere Sciences, Huntsville, Alabama, February 1994.

Muckle, S., Treatment of Spacecraft Humidity Condensate to Produce Potable Water, Masters Thesis, University of Houston, 1990.

Putnam, D.F., Michalek, W.F., and Van Pelt, T., Space Station Hygiene Water Reclamation by Multifiltration, p. 189 - 194, in: Sauer, R.L., and Bagdigian, R.M., (Eds.), Spacecraft Water Quality: Maintenance and Monitoring, SP-874, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, 1991.

Putnam, D. F., Jolly, C.D., and Colombo, G.V., Recovery of Hygiene Water by Multifiltration, SAE Technical Paper Series 891445, presented at 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 1989.

Samsonov, N.M., Novikov, V.M., Bobe, L.S., Gordeev, V.M., Abramov, G.K., Farafonov, N.S., Grigoriev, J.I., Protasov, N.N., and Sinjak, J.E., Experience in Development and Operation of Systems for Water Recovery from Humidity Condensate for Space Stations, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 951604, presented at 25th International Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July 10-13, 1995.

Samsonov, N.M., Bobe, L.S., Novikov, V.M., Farafonov, N.S., Abramov, G.K., Pinsky, B.J., Grigorov, E.I., Zaitsev, E.N., Protasov, N.N., Komolov, V.V., Grigoriev, A.I., and Sinjak, J.E., Water Supply Based on Water Reclamation from Humidity Condensate and Urine on a Space Station, SAE Technical Paper Series No. 961408, presented at 26th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Monterey, CA, July 8-11, 1996.

Schunk, R.G., et al., CMIF ECLS System Test Findings, SAE Technical Paper Series 891552, presented 19th Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, San Diego, CA, July1989.

§ - MCV Resin® is a Registered Trademark of UMPQUA Research Company.

Copyright © 1996, James E. Atwater