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Public Safety & Emergency
Preparedness using GIS
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Annotated
Bibliography Harvey, Francis J. (2003). The Significance of Public
Safety for GIS Professional Licensing and Certification. Urban and Regional Information
Systems Association Journal, V15 N1. This is a very
interesting article regarding certification for GIS. That author states the
question of whether or not public safety has any relevance in terms
of this certification.
Two case studies were discussed in the article. These case studies touch on
the roles of scientific, political, and philosophical issues
regarding public safety, licensing and certification in other
fields. The article
then looks at these issues in GIS. An interesting point was
made in the article that with the technology of GIS, an unlicensed
or uncertified person collecting data for GIS can have a negative
impact on public safety.
The unanswered question of what qualifications must a person
possess to assure their work with GIS will not cause harm to the
public still remains.
The author concludes that public safety should form an
important foundation for GIS education. Maximizing Time, Resources, and Money with
Real-Time Vehicles Tracking and Intelligent Routing. ArcNews, Winter 2007. This article explains how GIS can benefit
GIS Technology Builds a Common Language for
Emergency Preparedness.
ArcNews, Winter
2007. This article explains how GIS not only
influences public safety, but also emergency management. Two events were mentioned,
the Homeland Security GIS Humphry, In this the paper the author discussed some of the history behind GIS, various uses of GIS, and virtual emergency operations centers. The author’s main focus though was on the use of GIS as a simulation environment for disaster drills and exercises. Different scenarios were set up including a crash landing of a training jet, a fuel truck accident, microburst from a severe thunderstorm, HAZMAT release from a refinery, and a hurricane. GIS data was acquired for all of the different sites, and then this data was used to produce disaster scenarios. GIS then would track response activities that could be used in a final critique session. One of the interesting conclusions from the drills was that GIS was adopted quickly as a visualization tool. The users may have not had any prior experience with GIS, but maps are a natural method of communicating scenarios. Therefore, little or no instruction was needed to put the maps together as a response tool. Hoogland, Isabelle, and Frances
Stanley-Jones. (2002). Exploring Applications of GIS and PSAP Data
for Public Safety. Proceedings of the Twenty-Second
Annual ESRI User Conference.
This paper discusses the abundance of information available to us through GIS, the accuracy of GIS, and public safety answering points (PSAP). The three main areas of accuracy discussed are geopositional accuracy, content accuracy, and connectivity accuracy. Also mentioned is the use of PSAP. Three case studies were discussed in which PSAP can use their GIS to give more than the location of a wireless call. The authors concluded that the real challenge of GIS is verifying the accuracy of the data and defining its uses. Laznik, John M., and David P. Racca. (2004).
Strategic Assignment of Public Safety Personnel Using GIS. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth
Annual ESRI User Conference.
In this paper the authors describe a project that entails the use of GIS to redefine police districts and workload for the New Castle County Police Department. Various criteria were used in determining the new and modified districts, and it included the following: number of incidents, priority of incidents, work load, response time, available personnel, support backup, and existing arrangements. The data used in the project includes several shapefiles, databases, lists, and files. All of the data was processed statistically with GIS. The statistics showed that the workload can come really close to being balanced, but the response times and distances traveled will be compromised with the new districts. This leaves the New Castle County Police with a decision to make of what is most important to them equal coverage to the population or response times to the higher priority incidents. Clearly, decisions will have to be made, but GIS is a great tool for analyzing large amounts of data.
This paper uses the City of Yuma as example
of low cost and high return on investment of public safety mobile
GIS. It is not uncommon
to consider the integration of GIS with public safety mobile
applications.
Unfortunately, this integration can cost a significant amount
of money. The City of
This is a very informative document,
prepared by the Public Technology Institute, which discusses using
GIS to support emergency management and homeland security. The document archives
several case studies including those in
This case study
of
This paper
describes the new technology in public safety using GIS. Specifically, the paper
discusses locating 9-1-1 calls, neighborhood early warning system
(NEWS), real-time weather and weather prediction, real-time traffic
conditions, coordination between organizations, emergency routing,
etc. A large portion of
the paper is focused on the Automatic Crash Notification Project
(ACN) is a very interesting project. Ford Motor Company installed
crash pulse detector, GPS units, and other sensors into 500 police
and fire department cars.
If a car crashed the device senses it and through data
transmission the vehicle is connected to the appropriate
Cova, T. J. (1999). Geographical Information
Systems: Principles, Techniques, Applications, and
Management.
Amdahl, G. (2001). Disaster Response: GIS for
Public Safety. ESRI Press. Miller, H. J. (2003). Transportation and Communication
Lifelines Disruption.
http://www.esri.com/industries/public_safety/ (Note: All pictures were retrieved
from www.esri.com.) This is the mai
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